Rezumat/Abstract. Tourism is one of the beneficiaries of biodiversity and most tourist areas are in environmentally sensitive points, rich in biodiversity. Transport can put a lot of pressure on them, since road networks are seen as responsible for the decline in the quantity and quality of natural habitat. Transport infrastructure often has negative effects on biodiversity, causing primary effects such as habitat loss, disturbance and fragmentation, and marginal effects such as pollution and noise. However, roadside can act as corridors for wildlife movement, which can be considered an advantage. Given that globally by 2020 it was expected that the length of new roads to increase by 60% compared to 2010 and that transport dedicated to tourism represents over 50% of the total impact of transport on the environment, it becomes imperative to find innovative, alternative, flexible and sustainable solutions of transport to counteract its negative effects. Planning a transport infrastructure must take into account studies not only at local, but at landscape scale. Thus, limiting the effects of habitat fragmentation by the integration of transport infrastructure corridors into natural ecological networks that exists in that landscape could be a solution.

Cuvinte cheie/Key words: road infrastructure, protected areas, habitat loss, fragmentation, barriers, corridors, planning

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54508/rsdu.2022.06

Bibliografie/References

1. Andrén, H. (1994). „Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review”, Oikos, 71 (3), 355-66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3545823.
2. Comisia Europeană (2011), White Paper - Roadmap to a single transport competitive and efficient transport system, COM(2011) 144 final, https://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0144:FIN:en:PDF
3. Comisia Europeană (2013), Infrastructurile ecologice – Valorificarea capitalului natural al Europei. Comunicare a Comisiei către Parlamentul European, Consiliu, Comitetul Economic şi Social European şi Comitetul Regiunilor, Bruxelles, COM(2013) 249 final, https://eurlex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:d41348f2-01d5-4abe-b817-4c73e6f1b2df.0022.03/DOC_1&format=PDF
4. Consiliul Europei (2000), The European Landscape Convention, Strasbourg https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016802f3fb8
5. EEA (2015), Evaluating 15 years of transport and environmental policy integration, TERM 2015: Transport indicators tracking progress towards environmental targets in Europe, EEA Report no. 7/2015, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/term-report-2015
6. EEA (2019 a), The first and last mile – the key to sustainable urban transport, Transport and environment report 2019, EEA Report no.18/2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/the-first-and-last-mile
7. EEA (2019 b), Transport and ecosystems, [Online], Disponibil la: https://www.eea.europa.eu/signals/signals-2016/articles/transport-and-ecosystems, [Accesat 8 Noiembrie 2021].
8. SURF Nature (2011), Green infrastructure: Sustainable investments for the benefit of both people and nature, INTERREG IVC project, 34 pag., https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/booklet_green_infrastructure.pdf
9. Findlay, C. S., Bourdages, J. (2000). „Response time of wetland biodiversity to road construction on adjacent lands”, Conservation Biology, 14 (1), 86-94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99086.x.
10. Geneletti, D. (2003). „Biodiversity impact assessment of roads: an approach based on ecosystem rarity”, Environmental impact assessment review, 23 (3), 343-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-9255(02)00099-9.
11. Hall, C. M. (2010). „Tourism and biodiversity: more significant than climate change”, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 5 (4), 253-66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2010.517843.
12. Ibisch, P. L., Hoffmann, M. T., Kreft, S., Pe’er, G., Kati, V., Biber-Freudenberger, L., ... Selva, N. (2016). „A global map of roadless areas and their conservation status”, Science, 354 (6318), 1423-27, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7166.
13. IENE (2012), Potsdam Declaration: Overocme barriers – Europe-wide and now, IENE Infra Eco Network Europe 2012-12-18, http://www.iene.info/wp-content/uploads/IENE-2012-Declaration.pdf
14. IENE (2014), The IENE Declaration: Protect remaining roadless areas, IENE 2014 International Conference final version, 2014-09-18, http://www.iene.info/wp-content/uploads/IENE-2014-declaration.pdf
15. Laurance, W. F., Clements, G. R., Sloan, S., O’connell, C. S., Mueller, N. D., Goosem, M., Van Der Ree, R. (2014). „A global strategy for road building”, Nature, 513 (7517), 229-32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13717.
16. Lenzen, M., Sun, Y.-Y., Faturay, F., Ting, Y.-P., Geschke, A., Malik, A. (2018). „The carbon footprint of global tourism”, Nature Climate Change, 8 (6), 522–28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x.
17. Marcantonio, M., Rocchini, D., Geri, F., Bacaro, G., Amici, V. (2013). „Biodiversity, roads, & landscape fragmentation: Two Mediterranean cases”, Applied Geography, 42, 63-72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.05.001.
18. Müller S., Berthoud G. (1997), Fauna and traffic safety, LAVOC, Lausanne, Elveţia.
19. Peeters, P., Szimba, E., Duijnisveld, M. (2007). „Major environmental impacts of European tourist transport”, Journal of Transport Geography, 15 (2), 83-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2006.12.007.
20. Psaralexi, M. K., Votsi, N. E. P., Selva, N., Mazaris, A. D., & Pantis, J. D. (2017). „Importance of roadless areas for the European Conservation Network”, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 5, 2, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00002.
21. Reijnen, R., Foppen, R., Braak, C. T., Thissen, J. (1995). „The effects of car traffic on breeding bird populations in woodland. III. Reduction of density in relation to the proximity of main roads”, Journal of Applied Ecology, 32, 187-202, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2404428.
22. Seiler, A. (2001), Ecological effects of roads: a review, Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Suedia, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andreas-Seiler-2/publication/240639937_Ecological_Effects_of_Roads_A_review/links/0deec532d4ebd70592000000/Ecological-Effects-of-Roads-A-review.pdf?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19.
23. Van Halen, C., Peerboom, E. (2004), „Feasibility and preparatory study regarding a multi-stakeholder European targeted action for sustainable transport and tourism”, în Proceedings of the European Transport Conference (ETC) 2004, 4-6 oct.2004, Strasbourg, Franţa.

Text integral/Full text